Drive Engineering > Electrical resistors > Steel grid resistors > Transportation engineering, train resistors
Transportation engineering, train resistors
Application
Following the state of the art, rail-bound vehicles are equipped with three-phase current motors whose acceleration, speed and braking are controlled by means of power electronics. During braking, the kinetic energy of the vehicle is transformed into electrical energy, returned to the grid wherever possible, and thus reused. However, this requires a grid that can take on such energy at any time. Otherwise, the grid voltage would simply rise and the brakes will not work. Another method is to convert the braking energy into heat using a braking resistor.

Braking resistors are used as
  • additional brake for energy return to the grid,
  • to take off some stress from the mechanical brake
  • and as an emergency brake resistor.
Electrical braking is wear-free and can be optimally controlled so that no abrupt changes in braking occur which the passengers may resent.
Cooling
In view of the large amounts of heat to be dissipated, braking resistors require sufficient cooling air. Depending on the cooling type
  • natural air cooling and
  • forced air cooling.
Natural air cooling
resistors are mainly installed on the outside of the vehicle aned in some cases the airstream can effectively support cooling.
Forced air cooling
braking resistors are supplied with cooling air by a fan so that mounting inside of the vehicle is also possible.

Among the resistors mounted on the outside of the vehicles, two types are available:

Rooftop resistors and
Underfloor resistors.

Rooftop resistors are often easier to cool but mostly result in aerodynamic and optical problems.
Underfloor resistors are problematic in terms of heat dissipation, in particular during standstill after braking.
References

Customer / Product Picture System,
otherscms:headercell> 		Model Quantity
AC Haul Truck
(world’s largest truck)		 3PQ4 Braking resistor, forced-air cooling 200 frames/month
Avanto Paris 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 30
Avanto Paris Grounding resistor for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 30
Bayrische Zugspitzbahn 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 26
Cargo Tram Dresden 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 13
Cerdagne L-927 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 5
Combino Amsterdam 3PQ4 Braking resistor für roof mounting, natural air cooling 190
Combino Melbourne 3PQ4 Braking resistor für roof mounting, natural air cooling 76
CORNELLA Spain 3PQ3 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 48
Dänische Staatsbahn DSB 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 104
Desiro UK 3PP5 Grounding resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 1730
Desiro UK, DMU 3PP5 Grounding resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 304
Double deck train, Zurich DEGVPR Instantaneous overvoltage limiting resistor 240
FEVE Lok S1900 3PQ4 Braking resistor für rooftop mounting, forced-air cooling 20
FEVE Spain 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 40
Feve Spain MMM 3600 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 38
GT8N-1 Bremen 6GN1 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 40
GTW EMU (div. projects such as Flirt, etc.) 3PQ4 OVL-resistor für roof mounting, natural air cooling 195
ISAP 3 Athens 6GN1 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 80
MBTA Boston 6GN1 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 76
Metro Guangzhou Line 3 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 82
Metro Johannesburg 10M4 BEG Chopper upgrade, Steel grid resistors, forced-air cooling 23
Metro Kaohsiung 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 86
Metro Melbourne Bayside 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 144
Metro Oslo 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 100
Metro Prague 6GN1 Braking resistors, underfloor mounting for traction container installation 228
Metro Shanghai Line 1
Spare resistors		 3PQ3 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 4
Metro Shanghai Line 2 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 72
MRTA Bangkok 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 38
Refit Metro Stuttgart 6GN1 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 140
REGEN Resistor PS3 Stationary resistor, forced-air cooling 18 sets
Rubin Nuremberg 3PQ4 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, natural air cooling 60
S70 Charlotte 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 16
S70 Houston 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 52
S70 San Diego 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 24
Salt Lake City
Denver		 6GN1 Braking resistors, underfloor mounting for traction container installation Various complete sets
SNCF Mont Blanc L-4072 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 13
Spoornet Lokomotive 6E 6GN1 Braking resistor, forced air cooling, 920kW
Prototype
Spoornet Lokomotive 7E2 6GN1 Resistor frame, forced-air cooling 28
Spoornet Lokomotive 7E3 6GN1 Braking resistor, forced-air cooling
3MW / set
Prototype		 3 sets = 9 pc.
Metro Docklands 6GN1 Braking resistor for underfloor mounting, forced-air cooling 49
Tramway
ULF Vienna		 3PP5 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling, helical resistor 71
Tramway
ULF Vienna 2		 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 141
Tramway "Combino" 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling approx. 200 pc./year
Tramway ULF 151 Vienna 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 300
Talbot Talent 6GN1 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 126
TILO Flirt 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 76
Transrapid Shanghai 3PR3 Stationary braking resistor, natural air cooling 48
Trolleybus Genf 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 42
Trolleybus Luzern 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 10
Trolleybus Zurich 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 34
Underground HK Berlin 6GN1 Braking resistors for traction container installation 48
U4 Frankfurt 6GN1 Braking resistors for traction container installation 42
Rack railway Greece 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 4 sets = 32 pc.
Rack railway FGC/Brüning 3PQ4 Braking resistors for rooftop mounting, natural air cooling 2
Rack railway Montserrat + Ribes Nuria 3PQ4 Braking resistor für roof mounting, natural air cooling 15


Text © GINO AG
Downloads
Resistors for transportation systems
Pictures
Fig.: Braking resistor | Train
Fig.: Braking resistor | Train
Fig.: Haul Truck Resistor
Fig.: Haul Truck Resistor
Fig.: Braking resistor | Tramway
Fig.: Braking resistor | Tramway


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